Confused Words Rational, Rationale, Rationalize

The words rational,  rationale, and rationalize  all have something to do with reasoning, but they are different parts of speech  and their meanings are not the same. Definitions The adjective rational means having or exercising the ability to reason. The antonym of rational is irrational. The noun rationale refers to an explanation, basic reason, or statement of principles. The verb rationalize means to find reasons or excuses that explain or justify certain actions, thoughts, or behaviors. Rationalize can also mean to reorganize a business or system to make it more efficient and effective. The noun form is rationalization. Of these three words, rationalize (in the first sense) most often  carries a negative connotation. Examples No rational argument will have a rational effect on a man who does not want to adopt a rational attitude. (Karl Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies. Routledge, 1945)  The senator challenged the governments rationale for the financial bailout.Denial is any addict’s first defense. No obstacle to recovery is greater than the infinite capacity to  rationalize  our compulsive behaviors. (Tony Scwartz, Addicted to Distraction. The New York Times, November 28, 2015)For [John D.]  Rockefeller to  rationalize the business [of Standard Oil], he had to concentrate his capital, shutting down inefficient members of the alliance and thus shutting out many individuals for whom the industry had been not only their livelihoods, but their lives. In their place, Rockefeller created a modern, centralized firm managed by professionals from a multi-storied office building . . . in New York City. It was this central office through which the process of moving the firms resources from l ess efficient to more efficient facilities was managed. (Richard S. Tedlow,  The Rise of the American Business Corporation, 1991; rpt. Routledge, 2001) Practice (a) What is the mayors ____ for trying to sell three of the citys public hospitals? (b) We routinely procrastinate, make poor investments, waste time, fumble important decisions, avoid problems and _____  our unproductive behaviors, like checking Facebook instead of working. (Jennifer Kahn, The Happiness Code. The New York Times, January 14, 2016) (c) It is not to be forgotten that what we call _____ grounds for our beliefs are often extremely irrational attempts to justify our instincts. (Thomas Henry Huxley, The Natural Inequality of Man, 1890) (d) [C]onservation managers failed to make the fishery more rational.  They  tried to _____ and simplify an unwieldy, complex ecological system. They tried to manufacture salmon by the billions. They improved salmon streams by weeding out the messy nature and making streamlined, open avenues for spawning salmon. They killed thousands of predatory fish and birds and tried to minimize salmon mortality. Their simplified ecosystem, however, was less productive than complex, chaotic nature. (David F. Arnold,  The Fishermens Frontier: People and Salmon in Southeast Alaska. University of Washington Press, 2008) Answers to Practice Exercises (a) What is the mayors rationale for trying to sell three of the citys public hospitals? (b) We routinely procrastinate, make poor investments, waste time, fumble important decisions, avoid problems and rationalize  our unproductive behaviors, like checking Facebook instead of working. (Jennifer Kahn, The Happiness Code.  The New York Times, January 14, 2016) (c) It is not to be forgotten that what we call rational grounds for our beliefs are often extremely irrational attempts to justify our instincts. (Thomas Henry Huxley, The Natural Inequality of Man, 1890) (d) [C]onservation managers failed to make the fishery more rational.  They  tried to rationalize  and simplify an unwieldy, complex ecological system. They tried to manufacture salmon by the billions. They improved salmon streams by weeding out the messy nature and making streamlined, open avenues for spawning salmon. They killed thousands of predatory fish and birds and tried to minimize salmon mortality. Their simplified ecosystem, however, was less productive than complex, chaotic nature. (David F. Arnold,  The Fishermens Frontier: People and Salmon in Southeast Alaska. University of Washington Press, 2008)

Analysis Of Jon Krakauers Into The Wild - 980 Words

Tension has the power to build up vigorously inside a person due to their problems they are facing, making them want to run away from the world. In some cases, their problems seem to attack them all at once, making them desperate for their issues to vanish. Some people can deal with their dilemmas easily, but others go to the extreme to cope with their obstacles. One person that goes to the extreme to cope with his problems is Christopher McCandless. Throughout Jon Krakauers Into the Wild, Christopher McCandless was eager to isolate himself from his problems in society, but never meant to die because of it. Chris McCandless did not live the average life. He ran away from his family on several occasions, and his actions can lead people†¦show more content†¦It was a message from Chris explaining how he was extremely ill and needed help. If Chris wanted to die, he would have never written that note. He was hoping that someone would find his message and help him survive. The makeshift flag was also Chris’ hopes in attracting someone to the bus. However, both failed in attracting any help, and Chris sadly died. Chris was determined to get away from his problems, but he had no intentions of dying. He was smart enough to gain knowledge about how finding food in the wild to survive. Chris traveled to a university where he talked to a field guide about survival. The guide taught him what plants were safe to eat, and which ones were not. Mr. McCandless also learned how to hunt animals for a source of food. While he was in Alaska, he killed a moose with his Remington rifle. Chris wanted to use its meat to survive in the harsh conditions of Alaska. He tried preserving the meat in order for him to keep a consistent source of food , but did it incorrectly causing it to be inedible. If Chris wanted to die by going on his adventures, he would never worry about food because he planned on dying. But Chris never did want to die. He wanted to survive out there as he was figuring out his problems. Things took a turn for the worse however and he accidently died. Chris wrote a letter to his sister Carine saying, â€Å"I’m going toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jon Krakauers Into The Wild778 Words   |  4 Pagesshe wonders about a certain purpose in life. In extreme cases, when a person attempts to find ones self, he or she may find his or herself in a dangerous or even deadly position. In Jon Krakauers Into the Wild, Chris McCandless goes out into the wilderness of Alaska to find himself, but he never returns. Jon Krakauer organizes his novel in a circular way, which ties the story together well, and he uses long, periodic sentences to detail and emphasize his points about life and death situationsRead MoreAnalysis of Jon Krakauer’s Into The Wild Essay example1594 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the novel, Christopher McCandless’s character changed over time. Up to McCandless’s death, he wanted to live with the wild and to be away from civilization as far as possible. He changes his mind when he writes â€Å"H APPINESS ONLY REAL WHEN SHARED† (189). His purpose of living in the wild is to live with freedom and do whatever he wishes to do. However, he realizes he was a â€Å"refuge in nature† (189) and intended to abandon his solitary life and rejoin the human community. It is assumed thatRead MoreInto the Wild: by Jon Krakauer1186 Words   |  5 Pagesperspective was formed from his own experience and relationship with his father. While the situations were basically reversed with Chris not approving of his father and Lewis Krakauer disappointed in Jon for not following is â€Å"blueprint† there are similar parallels. Both McCandless and Krakauer‘s fathers where high achievers in life and McCandless and Krakauer both shared a similar perspective in their youth. I can envision Krakauer writing this book as a form of therapy for him. Enabling himRead MoreEssay On Chris Mccandless1092 Words   |  5 PagesChris McCandless, the subject of Jon Krakauersâ€Å"Into The Wild,† whose off-the-grid Alaskan adventure ended in starvation is a hero and an idealist whose sense of independence and adventure inspires us to reach for our dreams. McCandless was a courageous man. He wanted to live a life that was completely different than the one his parents lead. And wanted to submerge himself in the world that we live in and be sequestered from people who take it for granted. However, most students see McCandless asRead MoreLiterary Analysis of Into the Wild1669 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Analysis of Into The Wild Imagine spending thirty days alone in a tent or a cabin in the wilderness with no technology, electricity, running water, and any form of communication. Every day you wake up to the sight of the beautiful, tall trees and the various wildlife living in the area. Most of the time, you can hear the many sounds of nature: the majestic songs of birds, the whistling in the wind, and trees rustling. But sometimes all you can hear is nothing but silence. Most of usRead MoreSummary Of The Book Into The Wild 1766 Words   |  8 PagesBrief Summary and â€Å"Arrangement† of the Book: †¢ Into the Wild is the story of Chris McCandless’ journey across America and eventually his death in Fairbanks, Alaska. Krakauer weaves the story of McCandless with accounts of other survivalists that are similar to McCandless along with his own experiences. †¢ There are 18 chapters along with and epilogue. Each chapter is characterized by a certain place that Chris or another person visited and are not in chronological order. †¢ Chapter 1: Chris meetsRead MoreAn Analysis Of Jon Krakauer s Into The Wild2135 Words   |  9 Pages In Into the Wild, Christopher McCandless (man) tried to exist as one with nature but finds through his journeys that nature is a force that will test men relentlessly, especially men who are unprepared. Nature is one of the world’s greatest marvels. McCandless understood that and chose nature over civilization. He believed civilization was a plague and there was only one way to cure that plague. That was to become one with nature . The background information of this essay will explore the needRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesChbosky. Word Riot. Word Riot. Retrieved 27 May 2012. 41.Jump up ^ Tara Ann Carter (October 6, 2013). Reading Persepolis: Defining and Redefining Culture, Gender and Genre (PDF). John Bartram High School. 42.Jump up ^ Secret Life of Bees-Character Analysis. Archived from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-21. 43.Jump up ^ Khaled Hosseini (March 4, 1965). Katherine C. (Berwyn, PA) s review of The Kite Runner. Goodreads.com. Retrieved 2011-04-21. 44.Jump up ^ http://www.salon.com/2003/09/12/lethem_8//Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure

Understanding in Intercultural Communication †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Understanding in Intercultural Communication. Answer: Introduction Intercultural communication falls under a discipline, which analyzes communication between different culture and socio-ethnic group and in what way culture affects the communication (Asante 2013). This specific discipline of study is used to portray the great range of communication processes and associated problems that occurs naturally within an organization that could be made up of different socio-religious or socio-ethnic and educational groups (Bove 2013). The Yabbies R Us firm in Western Australia has initiated to process the Yabbies and sell it to the Perth Restaurant. The Admas family is handling all the responsibilities of this business. Due to rapid improvement of the communication technology, Admas family sells their product to different countries across the world. The purpose of this report is to investigate how to conduct business negotiation with country like China as it is a multicultural country and diverse in nature. This report is assigned from Yabbies R Us firm and commissioned by Peter Admas, the director of Yabbies R Us. The general focus of this report will be on intercultural communication and the challenges it faces. Diversity of China China is very diverse country in nature. Its territory is big as like United States. In ethnicity and language group China is very diverse. The Chinese government has recognized in total fifty-six ethnical group and among these groups many has their own languages (Diktter 2015). The diversity has its influences on Chinas physical geography, which ranges from the deserts to the rain forests and the plateaus to the low plains. Due to diversity in physical geography of China, the people living in this land shares different cultures. The land and its nature or geography defines the culture of the people (Tregear 2017). For an example, the people living near the sea have cultures developed from its geography, differ from other culture, and place like Tibetan Plateau. There is no official religion defined by the government, however, people practices Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Taoism and Judaism in China. The different ethnical group and their individual lifestyles and cultures include Han ethnicity, Manchus ethnicity, which has their own languages, lifestyle, dressing style, surnames, sports and other minor ethnical groups. The majority of the Islamic population lives in Northwestern China. The two major ethnical groups in this region is Uyghurs and Hui. The highest place in the world, the Tibetan plateau has two major ethnic groups such as Tibetans and Qiang, they practices their own religion called Bon (Eberhard 2013). However, in China proper the major practiced religion is Buddhism. Architectures arts, literature, even music and regular lives of the dwellers on the plateau in China proper are very closely related to Buddhism. The most diversified place of China is Southwestern China. There are in total around 30 native ethnical groups in Guangxi Yunnan and Guizhou. Their languages, dressings and lifestyles, music and food differ from each others. Most of these ethnic groups have many branches with completely different characteristics (Mason 2014). Apart from the different ethnical groups in china, the authentic Chinese food can be categorized based on how cooking can be done and what is there to eat. There are different styles of Chinese food with many subdivision of it. However, china is diverse in terms of culture, religion, people, lifestyles, music, cooking style, sports, dressing style and administrative nature. Hong Kong and Macue follow different administrative style differ from mainland China. These two countries have different laws and administrative systems (Hua and Nathan 2016). For example, the Google, Twitter and other social media application are allowed in the regions where other parts do not have access to use it. The diversity in China allows this country to live its citizen as cooperative as possible. The countrys mission is to project the country as unified as well as diverse in nature. Yabbies R Us Firm The yabbie is the fresh water cray fish. The wheat farmers in Western Australia have converted their dam into large yabbie tanks. In this process, they develop a new and thrilling industry called yabbie production. The Admas family has taken the initiative to process the yabbies. They process it for the Perth restuarent. The yabbies are also used in domestic consumption. Later on the firm has exported it to Singapore. Admas family collects the yabbies for the business from around six hundred farmers across the southeastern wheat belt of the country. The yabbies collected from the six large tanks are packed in polystyrene boxes with frozen gel and it could stay alive at least seven days. For the purpose of export, this yabbies are cooled and air freighted and shipped by truck. Due to development in communication technology, specifically internet and fax, it becomes very easier to take orders and sell it to any part of the world within thirty-six hours. The internet has been helping him a lot for making his business into an international level and sell yabbies to the new markets in each day. He has thought that the internet is one of the ways in which he can communicate with clients in anywhere in the world and create greater demand amongst gourmets and the health conscious people. The Yabbies R Us wants to enlarge its business to many countries including China. The Chinese culture is very diverse in nature. The intercultural communication has helped them to communicate with people from different cultural groups and conducting business and achieve a successful outcome. The capacity to communicate and negotiate, and in the way to work effectively with people in diverse culture and from other cultures is very important to conduct international business. Challenges and solution of Intercultural Communication In todays world of globalization, effective intercultural or cross-cultural communication is the key point to be succeeded in business or conducting any organization (Neuliep 2012). Business leaders require understanding of the major challenges in communication across culture, for ensuring their businesses remain competitive in the global market and according to that, they need to overcome those challenges for managing business in different parts of the world. Ambiguity and Develop an understandings about the ways others communicate One of the major challenges in intercultural communication is ambiguity in transferring massages. Other cultures have completely different ways of interpreting. Each culture embodies unique value system, context and communication style. Ambiguity happens in the communication when someone is unable to comprehend the context of his culture and of course the culture of the receive (Samovar et al., 2014). This type of ambiguity leads someone to develop a misunderstanding and incorrect perspective about the other culture. Different culture shares different styles of communication. Business leaders and organizers need to develop an idea about the communication style of the other culture. They need to know the nuances of the other culture to achieve effective cross-cultural communication (Prato 2016). Recommendation In case of Yabbies R Us firm, the firm manager wants to grow its business in China, which is highly a diverse culture. It is said that China is the High Context culture on the basic of scale of communication. They have verities in culture. Peter Adams, the manager of the firm based in Australia needs to know the communication styles and context of the used words in an area where he wants to sell his product. He should be encouraging about the information he is getting from other cultural perspective in language styles and its interpreted meaning. Inflexible Attitudes and understanding the values of the culture The attitudes towards the other culture must be flexible. When people communicate across culture, sometimes they project closed mindset and introvert behavior. This may leads to a misunderstanding for the new culture. Business leaders must adapt and learn about the cultural values of the others (Samovar et al., 2015). This kind of inflexible attitudes towards other culture, whether performed unconsciously or consciously, hampers the business communication and relationships. Business leaders need to develop an understanding about the other countrys values of culture based on five dimensions of perspective in values proposed by Geert Hofstede. These include power distance, masculinity vs. femininity, individualism vs. collectivism, long term vs. short-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance (Ting-Toomey 2012). On the parameter of these dimensions of value perspectives, a manager can develop an understanding about the cultural context and he need to identify and give conscious effort to make a bridge. Recommendation The manager of the Yabbies R Us firm needs to be very flexible about the cultural context of China. He needs to identify the five dimensions of cultural perspective in the area of China where he wants his business to develop. He should not carry any kind of ethnocentrism about his own culture and think that the Chinese culture in anyway inferior to them. He should not judge any cultural values of Chinese in respect to his own cultural values and standards; rather he should be open and ready to develop an understanding about the Chinese culture according to their perspective and context. Conclusion By analyzing the intercultural communication and its challenges and solutions, it can be concluded that for successful business growth and spreading the business across the globe, the manager of the Yabbies R Us should aware of the problems and ready to overcome it. Otherwise, it would be very difficult for him to develop a business chain in China. In the modern world of technology where internet and fax system is used vividly, the manager could communicate in English; otherwise, he should learn the Chinese language, which could be another hurdle for him. However, whatever language he would use in communication he should be aware of the cultural context and value system of China. References Asante, M.K., 2013. The global intercultural communication reader. Routledge. Bove, C.L. and Thill, J.V., 2013. Business communication essentials. Pearson Higher Ed. Diktter, F., 2015. The discourse of race in modern China. Oxford University Press. Eberhard, W., 2013. A history of China. Routledge. Hua, S. and Nathan, A.J., 2016. Chinese Political Culture. Routledge. Mason, M., 2014. Comparing cultures. In Comparative education research (pp. 221-257). Springer International Publishing. Neuliep, J.W., 2012. The relationship among intercultural communication apprehension, ethnocentrism, uncertainty reduction, and communication satisfaction during initial intercultural interaction: An extension of anxiety and uncertainty management (AUM) theory. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 41(1), pp.1-16. Prato, G.B. ed., 2016. Beyond multiculturalism: views from anthropology. Routledge. Samovar, L.A., Porter, R.E., McDaniel, E.R. and Roy, C.S., 2014. Intercultural communication: A reader. Cengage Learning. Samovar, L.A., Porter, R.E., McDaniel, E.R. and Roy, C.S., 2015. Communication between cultures. Nelson Education. Ting-Toomey, S., 2012. Communicating across cultures. Guilford Press. Tregear, T.R., 2017. A geography of China. Routledge.

The Barrier and I Shall Return by Claude McKay and The Sick Equation by Brian Patten Essay Example For Students

The Barrier and I Shall Return by Claude McKay and The Sick Equation by Brian Patten Essay Poems are literary wonders that have the power to move, touch and inspire many people. One of the most powerful forms of poetry is love poetry. The dictionary definition of love is to have a great affection for or passionately desire someone or something. It is also described as an intense emotion. Love is one of the most intense emotions felt by man, and poems capture, explore and enhance this intensity. This genre of poetry is not only the most powerful, but also the oldest, dating back to far beyond Shakespeares eternal sonnet form. It is part of our cultural and literary heritage, for all to enjoy and express. Although many poems may bear resemblance to other poems, each has its own unique features. These will be explored and analysed in my essay, looking at the poems The Barrier and I Shall Return by Claude McKay and The Sick Equation by Brian Patten. This analysis will identify the similarities and differences portrayed in relation to each other; as they all identify the prominent feature of love. We will write a custom essay on The Barrier and I Shall Return by Claude McKay and The Sick Equation by Brian Patten specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Barrier expresses a form of painful, forbidden love between a man and woman, who unfortunately come from different racial backgrounds. The phrase I must not is repeated constantly as he reflects on each aspect of her beauty and wonder. By repeating this is shows he is resisting temptation, and this is a indication of the difficulty and the pain that is caused just for loving her. McKays love is portrayed in the way that he constantly refers to her with views of perfection, eyes that do not see flaws, evident in statements such as Your sun illumined way, The fascinating note and Youre fair. Another powerful way in which McKay intensifies his emotional experience of love is through natural imagery. He compares his loved ones eyes to the dawning day, which depicts his need for her, in the same way that the earth needs the sun, and is enlightened by each dawning day. The poet compares her voice to a fluting river reed, which conjures the image of pureness, sweetness and perfection. In the last stanza McKay focuses on her face, seeing and hoping to ignore Loves softly glowing spark. This ends the poem on a final note of despair, hopelessness for their love. In The Barrier, McKays love is requited by the object of his desire, which makes their love even more heart-rending the lovers presented in this poem love each other, however the simple division of race stops their love. The powerful, intense emotion that is focused on and heightened through the poem is highly effective, as the reader does not actually know the poem is about racism and the race barrier. This is because although it is fairly evident that the poem is presenting forbidden love, it is not clear why McKays love is not allowed to grow and freely reign. The suspense increases until the final lines, where a door slams shut on the hope that has been formed throughout the poem. The final statement For theres a barrier of race, Youre fair and I am dark is the emotional climax of the poem, and brings out the suppressed pain of forbidden love in relation to the racial barrier. I Shall Return is another Claude McKay poem, however is quite different from the forbidden love presented in the previous poem. In this poem a sense of patriotism is evident. The poem reflects McKays personal experiences, describes his move to America to fight for his beliefs, and his desperation to return to his homeland of Jamaica. This form of love is a yearning, longing love, a love for ones country. Although both McKay poems are about topics that appear to be close to the poets heart , the fundamental difference is the fact that The Barrier focuses on a person, whereas a I Shall Return focuses on the importance of a place. Once again as he did in The Barrier, McKay uses repetition, in the use of the statement I Shall Return, the poems very title, at the opening of each stanza to emphasize the focus point of the poem. In this way McKay writes about his desire to return to his country. This goal appears nothing more than a distant dream, but with is repeated use of the phrase I Shall Return it becomes a mantra, and his dream seems to be within his reach. The use of repetition, in this case, instigates hope; whereas in The Barrier it is a reminder of his resolve to avoid his true love. .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f , .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f .postImageUrl , .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f , .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f:hover , .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f:visited , .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f:active { border:0!important; } .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f:active , .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2c13744dddd92192e22e21c08f83100f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: This is an anylazation of the poet rumi's styel EssayThe use of natural imagery to enhance his love seems to be a distinctive Claude McKay style. As with his description of the girl in The Barrier, McKay uses organic imagery to glorify Jamaica, make it appear beautiful and tempting to the reader. This is apparent in the way he describes simple features such as the noon as golden, or skies as sapphire. His culture and background are focused upon in the last stanza. McKay, talks of native dances and tribal tunes are depicted as delicious tunes. The intense, vivid imagery aids the reader to understand McKays love of Jamaica and his desperation to return. As with The Barrier, I Shall Return presents a painful and heartbreaking form of love as a prominent feature. This is evident in the way McKay describes his return to Jamaica as a way to ease his long, long years of pain as with The Barrier, this final statement is an emotional climax to the poem, and enhances the suppressed pain of being torn from ones home. The Sick Equation by Brian Patten is quite different from the McKay poems. Where both McKay poems depict a form of love, The Sick Equation portrays a fear of love, a life without love and a lack of love. The poem is written in first person, like the McKay poems, and describes Patten as a young boy being forced to experience his parents world of hate, and believing that no marriage could be happy. The pain of his upbringing is palpable, in statements such as all that households anger and its pain stung more than any teachers cane. It is obvious that this belief was instigated from a young age, as Patten compares his parents lesson to a childs equation, that one would learn at school. This equation states that where in school 1 + 1 = 2. However, at home, 1 + 1 must remain 1 + 1 and must never join to become 2. This is the lesson he learned from his parents. As with both Claude McKay poems, Patten uses natural imagery to accentuate his cynicism towards love. This is evident in the way he forms an obsession with flight, comparing ones desire to love to flight. This is proved in the second stanza: One among the many, whose dreams of flight Weighed down by the soul, And kept it down, Because to the flightless The dreams of flights an anguish This is a clear representation of his fear of love. He believes that to hope to find true love is like dreaming of flying the more one dwells on the dream, the more aggravated they become when it does not come true. Further examples of his comparisons to flight include the parallel he draws between divorce and the albatross, when he states The shadow of that albatross divorce fall over groom and bride. This confirms his belief that all marriage will end in divorce it states that any bride and groom, when engaging in marriage, are inviting the albatross of divorce to destroy their love. Patten uses the comparison with an albatross for a purposefully contradictory effect the albatross is a bird that watches over, protecting, according to story The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (the albatross watched over a ships crew, protecting them from the harmful sea). But in Pattens poem it is used in a negative sense, as an assurance that divorce would follow newly-weds until it caught up with them. Another example of natural imagery used to conjure an image and emphasize a point is in the statement In that raw cocoon of hate. The term cocoon gives the image of a protective casing, for a young being to grow inside. It is the place, or the time where one forms their beliefs, habits and basic nature. By describing this developmental stage as a raw cocoon of hate, it implies that this protection, this nurture and care was somewhat lacking. It shows, at the beginning of the poem itself, what Pattens home life as a child was really like, and how this initial, early hatred was the seed in his growth, till he too was drawn into his parents hate. .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784 , .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784 .postImageUrl , .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784 , .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784:hover , .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784:visited , .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784:active { border:0!important; } .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784:active , .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784 .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8422ede037cf6cd3f5256ce7636bd784:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Identify the language and literary techniques used by the poet EssayWhere both McKay poems end with a note of despair, and pain, The Sick Equation ends with hope, a lesson learned. This lesson is introduced in the last stanza: I was wrong of course, Just as those who brought me up were wrong. Its absurd to believe that all others are damaged as ourselves, And however late on, I am better off for knowing now That given love, by taking love all in time can refute The lesson that our parents taught, And in their sick equation not stay caught This instigates a shadow of sadness, because the line And however late on informs us that Patten spent years believing that love was pointless and painful. However, hope is established in the line I am better off for knowing now he now knows that love is a gift, and one cannot let one destroyed relationship dictate the fate of all lovers. This stanza states that he believes he was wrong of course and also knows his parents were wrong to expose their problems to him. Patten realized the equation he learnt at home, so different from school was sick and should not have been dwelled upon. He eventually learns, and the lines Given love, by taking love all in can in time refute the lesson that our parents taught suggest that this has been learned from experience, that love can make one forget, or at lease ignore the pain that their parents caused and felt from their broken marriage. He realizes that not all marriages end badly, not all others are as damaged as ourselves. This lesson ends the poem on a positive note, different from the distress displayed in the last lines of the McKay poems. It restores faith in love. The three poems analysed above present love in several different ways, from the temptation, risk and pain displayed in The Barrier; the patriotic yearning portrayed in I Shall Return; to the pain and distrust depicted in The Sick Equation. The natural imagery used in all three poems is evidently a highly effective way of intensifying the emotion. This stirs the readers sentiments, and instigates empathy and fascination. The Barrier instigates frustration at the injustice of society and their prejudgements, at the realization of the power it has to hurt. I Shall return brings out temptation; one truly wishes to see the wonders of Jamaica, expressed by the poets love for the country. The Sick Equation activates sympathetic emotions, as most would believe that a life without love is a terrible thing this is exactly what Brian Patten experienced due to his parents negligence. It also instigates a sense of happiness at the happy ending Patten found love and realized he could not blame marriage for his and his parents misery. It is true that poems have the power to move, touch and inspire, and where all three poems had similar features, each was truly unique.